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Based on reliable sources, here's an analysis of the CO2 balance for electric vehicles (EVs) produced in China using coal-based electricity:
- Overall emissions reduction: Even in the worst-case scenario where an EV's battery is produced in China using coal-based electricity and the vehicle is driven in a country with a carbon-intensive grid like Poland, the EV still emits 37% less CO2 over its lifetime compared to a petrol vehicle[5].
- Production emissions: The production of EVs, particularly their batteries, is more carbon-intensive than that of conventional vehicles. This is especially true when using coal-based electricity, as is common in China[1].
- Use-phase emissions: Despite higher production emissions, EVs can significantly reduce CO2 emissions during their use phase, even when charged with electricity from coal-powered grids[1][2].
- Long-term benefits: As China's electricity grid becomes cleaner over time, the carbon footprint of both EV production and use will decrease, further improving their environmental benefits[1][3].
- Challenges: China's heavy reliance on coal for electricity generation (about 56% of total energy consumption) poses challenges for fully realizing the environmental benefits of EVs in the short term[1][3].
- Policy implications: To maximize the climate benefits of EVs, China needs to accelerate its transition to cleaner electricity sources alongside EV adoption[1][3][4].
Citations:
[1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36957-4
[2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc...06261923010012
[3] http://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.07308.pdf
[4] https://chinaobservers.eu/why-new-el...ge-to-success/
[5] https://www.transportenvironment.org...-electric-cars
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